3 - ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SECTORS AND OPPORTUNITIES PROMOTING BIODIVERSITY AND NATURAL SUBSTANCES Rising to the 3rd position worldwide for its high levels of endemism and hosting the 2nd largest coral reef in the world, New Caledonia is considered to be the 2nd of the world's 34 biodiversity hotspots. New Caledonia's terrestrial plant biodiversity represents: 74% of endemic plant species 3,400 species of flowering plants (medicinal, aromatic, dyeing, ornamental) 4,500 plant extracts in the collection 3,000 years of traditional knowledge 5 research institutes 2,200 ha of plantations and nurseries (columnar pine, Caribbean pine, sandalwood, kaori, etc.) 20 plant resources used (mainly sandalwood and niaouli) The plant resource development sector represents approximately 820 MF.XPF / 6.8 M€. There is great potential in exploiting natural substances such as aromatic, tinctorial and medicinal plants, as well as growing timber and tropical species. In order to preserve this resource, the Southern Province is applying the Nagoya Protocol through an APA (Access and Benefit Sharing) procedure aimed at listing and tracing the harvesting of species in the natural environment, with a return to the territory and the landowner of the revenue generated by its exploitation. 17
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