3 Table des matières Remerciements ....................................................................................................................12 Introduction ..........................................................................................................................13 Crise de l’effondrement de la biodiversité, enjeu majeur de conservation du vivant ..........14 Les tortues marines ..........................................................................................................16 Menaces et enjeux de conservation associés aux tortues marines ...................................27 La Nouvelle-Calédonie : un hotspot régional pour la reproduction des tortues marines ....32 Les objectifs de la thèse CIFRE WWF/IRD .......................................................................43 Chapitre 1. Innovative monitoring scheme adapted to remote, scattered nesting aggregation reveals a major loggerhead turtle rookery in New Caledonia, South Pacific .........................48 1. Abstract ........................................................................................................................51 2. Introduction ...................................................................................................................51 3. Materials and methods..................................................................................................53 3.1 Study area...............................................................................................................53 3.2. Monitoring protocol .................................................................................................53 3.2.1 Nesting data count type .................................................................................53 3.2.2 Monitoring strategy in space and time............................................................55 3.3 Modeling nesting abundance...................................................................................57 3.3.1 Nest tracks persistence over time ..................................................................57 3.3.2 Model for nesting seasonality.........................................................................57 3.3.3 Interannual spatial and temporal trends .........................................................59 3.3.4 Strategy for parameter fitting..........................................................................60 4. Results..........................................................................................................................61 4.1 Nest detection probability ........................................................................................61 4.2 Assessment of the overall seasonal number of loggerhead turtle nests on the ‘GLS’ rookery ..........................................................................................................................63 5. Discussion ....................................................................................................................64
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